中文摘要：

以连作5 a的温室黄瓜土壤为基质，采用盆栽的方法，设置大豆秸秆不还田（CK）、接种根瘤菌大豆秸秆还田（T1）、接种根瘤菌大豆去根瘤后秸秆还田（T2）、非接种根瘤菌大豆秸秆还田（T3）4个处理，在不同田间持水量条件下，探究其对土壤微生物数量的影响。结果表明，25％、50％水控条件下培养50～140 d ，T1处理的土壤真菌数量显著低于CK，细菌数量则在培养前期（＜50 d）维持较高的水平；75％水控条件下培养110、140 d时还田处理的放线菌数量显著高于CK。总之，25％、50％水控条件有利于维持较高的土壤细菌数量，降低真菌数量，还田处理优于非还田处理，接种处理优于非接种处理，75％水控条件有利于培养后期（＞110 d）维持较高的放线菌数量。

英文摘要：

Taking soil for 5 years continnous cucumber cropping as material and utilizing pot culture method, this experiment adopted 4 treatments： no soybean straw returning to the field（CK）; inoculation rhizobium soybean straw returning to the field（T1）; inoculation rhizobium soybean straw with no root nodule returning to the field（T2）; no inoculation rhizobium soybean straw returning to the field（T3）,and studied the effect of these treatments on soil sucrase activity and microbe quantity under different field moisture capacity. The results showed that the fungi quantity in T1 was significantly lower than CK in 25%、50% field moisture capacity for 50 to 140 days,and bacterial quantity maintained a high level in prophase of cultivation（〈50 days）. Under 75% field moisture capacity,actinomyces quantity of the returning treatments was significantly higher than the control. In a word,25%,50% field moisture capacity could make the bacterial quantity maintaining a high level,and reducing fungus quantity,the returning treatments were better than no returning treatments,inoculation rhizobium treatments were better than no inoculation rhizobium treatments. The actinomyces quantity maintained a high level under 75% field moisture capacity in late culture stage（〉110 days）.