中文摘要：

构建水稻洪涝灾害等级评价指标体系,评估水稻洪涝致灾风险,对开展水稻洪涝防灾减灾、灾害保险意义重大。以西南地区一季稻为研究对象,利用气象资料、水稻灾情史料和生育期资料,在水稻洪涝灾害反演的基础上,构建水稻洪涝灾害样本过程雨量序列。基于Kolmogorov-Smirnov（K-S）分布拟合检验,采用置信区间下限值确定阈值的方法,构建水稻洪涝等级评价指标,并采用预留独立水稻洪涝灾害样本进行检验验证。在此基础上,计算西南地区各站点洪涝致灾风险指数。结果表明：水稻洪涝灾害的过程降水强度为抽穗成熟期〉拔节孕穗期〉移栽分蘖期;构建的西南地区水稻洪涝等级指标能较好地反映水稻洪涝实际受灾程度,指标验证完全一致的吻合率为66.7%,完全一致及相差1级的吻合率为100%。水稻洪涝灾害风险移栽分蘖期〉拔节孕穗期〉抽穗成熟期,高风险区域主要位于云南南部和东北部、贵州南部、以及四川中部的成都、眉山和德阳地区。

英文摘要：

Increasing of extreme precipitation has been witnessed in Southwest China in the past several decades. The frequent occurrence of extreme weather has aggravated the formation of regional flood hazards in this region. As the main crop in Southwest China, rice is generally considered to be seriously threatened by flood. Nowadays, researches on rice flood however cannot be connected with disastrous weather effectively, which has brought great difficulties for rice flood monitoring accurately and timely. Therefore, it is of great importance to establish the evaluation level of rice flood based on the metrological method so as to provide a technical support for rice flood monitoring, prevention and mitigation, and agricultural disasters＇ insurance management. Given above background, based on a data set of daily precipitation from 1961 to 2012 in 193 meteorological stations, associated with historical disaster and phenophase data of rice in Southwest China （Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou and Yunnan）, the evaluation of the flood related to single cropping rice based on the metrological method was conducted in this study, and meanwhile, the rice flood risk was consequently estimated according to the rice flood evaluation indicators, in order to gain detailed information of the characteristics of rice flood disaster in Southwest China. Historical rice flood disasters were represented through the coupling with precipitation data. Afterwards, 27 rainfall sets of rice flood samples were built in the context of the combinations of different growth stages （transplanting-tiUering, jointing-booting and tasselling-maturity）, flood levels （light, moderate and heavy） and precipitation duration days （1 d, 2 d, 〉3 d）. Kolmogorov-Smimov （K-S） method was used in the distribution fitting of the rainfall sets, and 27 normal distribution functions were established. Eacfi indicator of rice flood evaluation level （light, medium and heavy） was built using the statistical analysis, with the lower limit of 95% confiden