中文摘要：

运用溶剂热法，以丙酮-水为分散介质，偶氮二异丁基脒盐酸盐（AIBA）引发苯乙烯（St）和甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）共聚，制得粒径约为40nm的无皂阳离子聚（苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯）纳米胶乳粒子[P（MMA-St）]，其结构经TEM，FT-IR，TG和DTA表征。讨论了不同引发剂[AIBA与KPS（过硫酸钾）]，AIBA浓度{[AIBA]}，单体总浓度{[M0]}对聚合速率的影响。结果表明：相同条件下AIBA引发聚合速率比KPS的快；随着[AIBA]的增大，聚合速率先增大后减小，而粒径先减小后增大；随着[M0]的增大，聚合速率增大；得到[M0]和[AIBA]影响聚合速率的动力学方程为：Rp=kp·[M0]^0.59[AIBA]^0.77；[P（MMA-St）]的热稳定性显著提高。

英文摘要：

Emulsifier-free poly （ methyl methacrylate-styrene） [ P （MMA-St） ] cationic nanoparticles with an average diameter of about 40 nm were prepared in an acetone-water medium using 2,2-azobis （2-methylpropionamidine） dihydrochloride （AIBA） as the initiator by solvothermal method. The factors of influencing polymerization rate were discussed, such as different initiators（AIBA and KPS） , initiator concentration, the comonomer concentration. The P（MMA-St） was characterized by TEM, FT-IR, TG and DTA. The results show that the polymerization rate using AIBA as the initiator is faster; the polymerization rate increases first and then decreases, the particle size decreases first and then increases with concentration of AIBA increasing; the polymerization rate increases with concentration of comonomer increasing; the result of kinetics shows that the influence of comonomer concentration and initiator concentration on the polymerization rate could be expressed as： Rp = kp·[ M0 ]^0. 59 [ AIBA ]^0.77 ; the thermalstability of P（MMA-St） is improved apparently.