中文摘要：

地震灾害频繁发生，快速救援的民间组织发挥了重要作用。根据现实状况和地震中应急管理的需求，对地震中出现的任务导向型民间组织的研究必不可少。将民间组织按照在救援和重建过程中的运作模式和服务时间进行划分，包括临时型、短期型以及永久型三大类，从组建、运作方式、人数、组织架构以及解体这几个方面来分析其差异性，从而对民间组织在救援和灾后重建中的角色以及作用进行分析界定。以民间组织参与汶川地震和雅安地震为背景，运用SWOT分析总结其与官方和半官方不同之处，并提出相应的管理对策。这对提高在应急救援和灾后重建中民间组织的理性认识、满足新历史条件下的社会需求具有重要的现实意义。

英文摘要：

The earthquake disaster happens frenquently, Non-governmental organizations（NGOs） play an more important role in earthquake emergency rescue and post-disaster reconstruction. Urgent demand of NGOs for rescue and recovery in the earthquake are proposed. Non-governmental organizations is divided into temporary, short-term and permanent types according to the mode of operation and service time in rescue and reconstruction. Then their difference are analyzed from the formation, mode of operation, number of people, organizational structure, and disintegration. SWOT analysis is adapted to summary the difference of the official and semi-official organizations. Finally, the roles and responsibility of three NGOs participating the rescue and reconstruction of Wenchuan and Lushan earthquake are took as examples to make a deeper analysis, showing to improve disaster reduction and disaster relief capacity importantly and obtain the best effect to resist disasters in the Wenchuan earthquake and Lushan earthquake as the background.