中文摘要：

为了研究立筒仓卸料过程中的侧压力及数值模拟技术,设计了有机玻璃筒仓模型进行试验研究,运用ABAQUS有限元软件中的自适应网格划分技术模拟了筒仓的动态卸料过程。结果表明,筒仓动态侧压力试验值大于静态侧压力,但各测点超压系数不同,在邻近漏斗附近超压系数最大为1.78,其次为仓壁中上部2个测点超压系数达到了1.73和1.61,其他位置超压系数在1.45以内;侧压力模拟值与计算值吻合度较好,静态侧压力两者相对误差绝对值在0.43%~9.92%之间,动态侧压力两者相对误差绝对值在1.14%~9.65%之间,验证了数值模拟技术的可行性;静态和动态侧压力的数值模拟曲线、公式计算曲线、试验曲线或试验拟合曲线都表明,随着测点距筒仓底部高度的增加,侧压力呈下降趋势,即侧压力下大上小,而且静态侧压力模拟曲线与试验曲线变化规律一致,相对误差绝对值在1.83%~9.97%之间;由于试验时压力传感器精度、标定试验误差和试验次数等随机因素的影响,动态侧压力试验曲线不很规则,数值模拟曲线相对平滑,但动态侧压力试验值的拟合曲线与数值模拟曲线变化趋势基本相同,相对误差绝对值在0.28%~9.93%之间。通过观察漏斗附近Mises应力分布图发现,物料卸出前,应力较大点发生在紧邻漏斗附近的仓壁处,卸料开始后,应力较大点即转向漏斗壁中部某范围,而且随着卸料时间的延长,此应力较大点的范围有所增大。

英文摘要：

Wall pressure especially dynamic wall pressure of the single silo is crucial for the silo design.Therefore,it’s necessary to obtain static and dynamic wall pressures,as well as their change regularity along the silo wall.In view of this,2techniques were mainly used in this study containing experimental method and simulation technique in order to solve the aforementioned problem.Apparently,it is difficult and intractable to study and discuss wall pressures of the silo during discharging.Nevertheless,it is direct and efficient to carry out experiment on this issue,so we carried out this test in Structure Laboratory of Henan University of Technology.In this experiment,the test object was a miniature silo model of organic glass due to its transparency to materials.We could clearly observe flow patterns of materials inside the silo.The silo model was full of standard sand,and sensors were pasted on the internal surface of the silo wall to record test data.The static wall pressure was tested after the silo model was filled up,and the dynamic wall pressure was tested during discharging.In order to obtain accurate experimental results,tests with many times had been done.On the other hand,for mutual authentication,ABAQUS software was employed to simulate the flow of material during discharging.The finite element model（FEM）was two-dimensional（2D）model with a rigid line representing the silo wall and a plane representing the material.In this process,surface-to-surface contact was used,and the silo wall and the material boundary were set to the target and contact element respectively.What was more,adaptive mesh subdivision technology was very important,for time duration of material discharging was directly affected,and it lasted 0.25 s in the process.In addition,some phenomena appeared in Mises stress cloud charts.The larger the Mises stress changed from the silo wall to the hopper wall,the larger the stress area on the hopper wall increased over time.Moreover,in order to verify the experimental and numerical resul