中文摘要：

《支援中西部地区招生协作计划》作为完善高考制度设计和促进高考公平的重要举措,当前面临三大困境：一是在制度层面招生协作计划指标分配亟待优化;二是在实践层面存在考试公平与区域公平的矛盾;三是在现实层面优质高等教育资源分布有待均衡。基于罗尔斯的正义论,《支援中西部地区招生协作计划》符合正义原则,现阶段有进一步推行的必要性与合理性。从现实国情来看,当前化解高校招生公平冲突有两条可供选择的路径：其一,坚持差异化原则,根据全国高校的不同类型与层次进行分层调控;其二,坚持补偿性原则,对优质高等教育资源弱势地区加大投入和建设力度,力图优质均衡。从长远来看,结合美国＂平权行动＂的实践经验与发展趋向,即＂平权＂的原始逻辑开始由＂种族平权＂转向＂经济平权＂,要实现我国整体的高水平教育公平与考试招生公平,其根本途径在于不断缩小区域、民族及群体间的经济地位与收入水平差异。

英文摘要：

As an important measure to improve and promote the fairness of college entrance examination,The Support of Mid- West College Enrollment Cooperation Program is facing three major difficulties：one is the need to be optimized the enrollment collaboration planning index distribution at the level of system; the second is the existence of contradiction between the examination fairness and the regional fairness at the theoretical level; the third is the distribution of high- quality education resources to be balanced in reality. Based on Rawls’ s theory of justice,The Support of Mid- West College Enrollment Cooperation Program is in accordance with the principles of justice,and at this stage there are necessity and rationality for further implementation. From the reality of China,there are two alternative paths to resolve the conflicts of college enrollment： firstly,adhere to the principle of differentiation,stratified controlling according to the different types and levels of universities; secondly,adhere to the principle of compensation,to balance the distribution of higher education resources. In the long run,combined with the ＂affirmative action＂of the practice experience and development trend,namely ＂original logical equality＂started by ＂racial equality＂to ＂economic equality＂trend,a high fairness level of education and examination can be achieved in China.The fundamental solution is to decrease the regional differences,economic status and income level of groups.