中文摘要：

基于金属元素物质流分析的＂存量与流量＂框架,本文定量分析了1991年～2007年我国铝的全生命周期进出口规模及其结构。研究发现：我国是铝的净进口国且净进口量不断增长,从进出口结构上看,我国日益成为铝土矿、氧化铝、铝废料等原材料的进口国和未锻轧铝、铝中间产品、铝最终产品的出口国。导致铝进出口结构变迁的主要因素是我国的资源禀赋、经济发展水平和所实行的产业政策。未来几年内,我国铝进出口政策的重点应该是：继续鼓励进口铝土矿、氧化铝、铝废料等国内短缺的原材料;限制出口并鼓励进口高能耗、高污染物排放、低附加值的原生铝、再生铝和部分中间产品如铝挤压材;暂时不对高附加值的铝中间产品如高端铝板带、铝箔和铝最终产品的进出口实行管制政策;同时国家应支持我国企业到国外购买铝土矿山,建立全球性的铝废料回收与运输网络,开办氧化铝、电解铝和再生铝厂并将产品运回国内。

英文摘要：

Based on a framework of stocks and flows which can be used to perform substance flow analyses of metals in the anthroposphere, a series of papers present a quantitative study on trade, loss, production, consumption, and recycling of aluminium in China from 1991 to 2007. In addition, the authors provided a series of policies which would be greatly helpful to make production and utilization of aluminium more sustainable in China. As the first one of the series paper, we investigated import and export of aluminium and changes in structure of aluminium trade of China during 1991-2007 from a perspective of life cycle. Moreover, we provided some policy suggestions on adjustment and optimization of the trade structure of aluminium. Results indicated that China was a net importer of aluminium during 1992-2007, with showing increases in the amount of total net import year by year, i.e., 502x103 tons, 987× 10^3 tons, 2502× 10^3tons and 6813× 10^3 tons for 1992, 1997, 2002, and 2007, respectively. Regarding the import/export structure, China was increasingly becoming a net importer of bauxite, alumina, and aluminium scrap which could be used as raw materials to produce unwrought aluminium, but a net exporter of unwrought aluminium, aluminium semi-products, and final products. It was suggested that： 1） China should continuously encourage the import of bauxite, alumina, and aluminium scrap in the next several decades for both meeting current demands and serving as long-term strategic storage; 2） China should properly restrict the export and encourage the import of unwrought primary and recycled aluminium, as well as some semi-products, which bear characteristics of high energy consumption, great environmental burdens but low monetary added value; 3） it is currently not necessary to encourage or restrict the import or export of aluminium embodied in final products, as well as some semi-products such as sheet and foil which are of high monetary added value; 4） the central government should actively support China＇