中文摘要：

单病种付费作为一种新的医疗费用支付方式，将成为提高医疗质量，控制医疗费用，加强医院管理的有效途径。由于单病种费用影响因素多、变异大，阻碍了单病种的实施与推广。针对这一问题，本文引入变异源分析，对某三级医院肺炎单病种住院费用和住院时间进行分析，找出主要变异源。在此基础上建立X控制图，对单病种住院费用和住院时间进行控制。与传统的X控制图相比，此方法可以有效地解决虚发警报过高的问题，降低医院运营风险，对单病种付费的实施和推广具有重要的意义。

英文摘要：

As a new form of payment for medical expenses, single disease payment will become an effective way of improving the quality of health care, controlling medical expenses, strengthening hospital management. Due to the numerous influencing factors and huge variation of single disease cost. The promotion and implementation are hindered. In allusion to this problem, the paper analyzes the hospital expenses and the hospitalization days of single disease and finds out the main sources of variation by the introducing SOV （sources of variation analysis）. On this basis, the paper builds the X chart to control the hospital expenses and the hospitalization days of pneumonia single disease. Compared with the traditional control chart, this method can effectively reduce the probability of false alarm and the hospital operational risk and have a great significance for the promotion and implementation of single disease payment.