中文摘要：

利用同源四倍体水稻台中65—4x及其携带花粉不育基因的四倍体近等基因系组配的花粉不育基因座位互作的四倍体杂种，对其花粉母细胞减数分裂期间染色体行为及生殖特性进行研究。结果表明，四倍体亲本及杂种多数细胞在终变期都是四价体与二价体共存，台中65—4x染色体配对方式为9．20IV＋5．60Ⅱ，杂种平均为9．52IV＋4．90Ⅱ，亲本与杂种间四价体数目差异不显著；随后的过程中均出现各种染色体行为的异常，包括拖曳染色体、落后染色体、染色体断片、微核、染色体不同步分离和形成未减数的配子等。四倍体亲本和杂种的花粉育性、胚囊育性和结实率均比二倍体原种明显下降。杂种与四倍体亲本比较，S-b座位单互作和与S-a或S-c双互作杂种的花粉育性明显较四倍体亲本低，其他座位互作降低幅度相对较小；杂种的结实率普遍较四倍体亲本低，其中s-b座位互作的下降最为明显。初步表明，花粉不育基因互作可能与减数分裂期间染色体异常行为无关，但其中S-b座位互作与四倍体杂种育性下降有关，该基因座可能与染色体异常行为协同作用于同源四倍体水稻杂种的不育性。

英文摘要：

Autotetraploid rice is a special germplasm with four sets of genome that is derived from diploid rice treated by colchicine. Compared with its diploid progenitor, the chromosomes and genome of the autotetraploids are doubled, thus the phenotype or morphology of the autotetraploids, especially the reproductive traits, are obviously changed. When indica and japonica are respectively developed into autotetraploid by chromosome doubling and crossed with each other, the autotetraploid hybrid will have superior heterosis in growth and biological character compared with their parents and the diploid hybrid between indica and japonica. But low seed setting rate makes this intersubspecific autotetraploid hybrids cannot be used directly in rice breeding. Therefore, it is very important to study the mechanism of low seed setting rate in the autotetraploid hybrids. In the diploid hybrid between indica and japonica, it is known that the interaction of pollen sterility genes, such as S-a, S-b and S-c, causes the hybrids to be low fertility. However, it is little known how these pollen sterility genes work in the autotetraploid hybrid between indica and japonica. In this study, autotetraploid rice Taichung 65-4x and its near-isogenic lines with pollen sterile genes were used to develop the autotetraploid hybrids with interaction at different pollen sterility gene loci, i.e. S-a, S-b and S-c. The chromosome behaviors during the meiosis of PMC were studied by the technique of chromosome squash and showed that quadrivalents and bivalents coexisted in the diakinesis in the most of PMCs of autotetraploid parents and their hybrids. The chromosome association per PMC was 9.20 Ⅳ ＋ 5.60 Ⅱ] in Taichung 65-4x, and 9.52Ⅳ ＋ 4.90Ⅱ] in the hybrids on an average, showing no significant difference in the number of quadrivalent between the parents and the hybrids. Abnormal behaviors were found in the following process of meiosis, which included lagging chromosomes, chromosome fragments, micronuclei, the loss of synchronization in seg