中文摘要：

目的：测算中国乡镇卫生院服务效率及其变化率,测算效率的省际差异并对差异进行分解研究.方法：通过2002至2012年的中国省级面板数据,数据包络分析方法、Malmquist指数测算方法与泰尔指数分解方法进行实证研究.结果：大量省份的乡镇卫生院服务处于非效率状态,多数省份实现了效率的提升,也推动了全要素生产率的提升.东、中、西与东北部各区域内部各省份之间的差异是影响乡镇卫生院服务效率省际差异主要方面,而各区域之间的差异则是影响差异的次要方面.结论：应当注重缩小各区域内部各省份之间的效率差异,同时应当制定有效的跨区域发展战略,激活区域良性互动,实现整体效率的提升,进而推动各省份乡镇卫生院全要素生产率的整体提升.

英文摘要：

Objective To evaluate the efficiency of health care service in township health centers and its changes, and study and decompose the differences. Methods Based on Chinese provincial panel data from 2002 to 2012 ,empirical analysis was imple- mented with Data Envelopment Analysis, Malmquist index and Theil index decomposition methods. Results The health care service in many township health centers was inefficient. Efficiency of health care service was promoted in most provinces, which improved the total factor productivities. The difference among eastern, middle, western and northeast region was the secondary factors to influ- ence the efficiency of health care service, while difference within them was the main influencing factors. Conclusion The difference of efficiency of health care service within different provinces among different regions should be reduced. And cross-regional devel- opment strategy needs to be developed. Based on which, the overall efficiency and total factor productivities can be improved.