中文摘要：

概括介绍陕西省神木县“全民免费医疗”的机遇与挑战，在此基础上提出相应的对策建议。机遇：中央对民生问题的高度关注；县域经济高速增长；城乡居民的大力支持；逐渐显露的政策成效。挑战：医疗费用补偿机制不尽合理；卫生资源配置失衡；乡镇卫生院的发展困境。建议：完善补偿机制，抑制医疗费用不合理上涨：以区域卫生规划为原则，合理配置卫生资源；加大投入，提高能力，保证乡镇卫生院的可持续发展。

英文摘要：

This study briefly introduced the opportunities and challenges of ＂Free Medical Care For all Residents＂ at Shenmu County in order to give some references. The opportunities of ＂Free Medical Care For all Residents＂ at Shenmu County were that central government was paying a high attention to the issues of people＇ s livelihood, the economy was with fast growth at the county; and, the rural residents have got support and the policy has got gradually implemented. The challenges of ＂Free Medical Care For all Residents＂ at Shenmu County were that compensation mechanism of medical expenses was unreasonable, the allocation of health resources were imbalance and the development of township hospitals was in trouble. It gave the suggestions that it was necessary to improving the compensation mechanism, inhibiting the rising medical the health resources basing on the regional health planning expenses which were unreasonable, distributing rationally and promoting public health and medical service ability of township hospitals.