中文摘要：

小麦是全球最重要的粮食作物之一，高温特别是开花期和灌浆期的高温胁迫严重影响小麦的产量和品质。本文分别从直接鉴定法和间接鉴定法两个方面入手，介绍了小麦耐热性的评价指标；阐述了在高温胁迫下温度信号的感知和传递，以及植物对高温的响应机理；从传统育种方法和基因工程策略两个方向综述了小麦耐热性改良的研究进展。最后，提出了小麦耐热性研究存在的问题及措施，以及今后小麦耐热性研究的发展方向。

英文摘要：

Wheat is one of the most important food crops in the word, but the heat stress hazards for wheat pro- duction, especially, flowering and grain filling stage of high temperature stress seriously affect the yield and quality of wheat. This article proposed evaluation indicators of wheat heat tolerance from two aspects,namely direct and in- direct identification, and analyzed the temperature signal perception and transmission under heat stress as well as plant responsive mechanism to high temperature. In addition,we summarized the research progress of wheat heat tol- erance improvement from the traditional breeding methods and genetic engineering strategies. In the end,we made a conclusion on improvement measures of the wheat heat tolerance and problems, and put forward the future wheat heat tolerance research prospects.