中文摘要：

情绪调节是个体适应现实的主要方式之一。由于情境和策略均会影响情绪调节效果，近期研究不仅关注个体在特定情境下使用特定的情绪调节策略，而且更加关注个体在变化情境下灵活地使用不同的情绪调节策略，即强调情绪调节灵活性的作用。基于情绪调节灵活性是个体随着情境的改变而同步改变策略，本文提出了情境改变、策略改变以及情境和策略的同步改变三个要素，介绍了情绪调节灵活性的三水平模型和三成分模型，区分了情绪调节灵活性的三类研究范式，讨论了情绪调节灵活性及其适应性，并指出了未来值得关注的研究方向。

英文摘要：

It has long been appreciated that emotion regulation （ER） is essential for individuals to adapt to their environment. According to the dominant process model proposed by Gross in 1988, the defining feature of ER was that individuals adopt a certain strategy to achieve their primary goal in a particular context, and its effect depended on the combination of strategy and context. Although Gross＇ model has consistently emphasized the role of context, in practice subsequent studies have focused primarily on the utilization of specific ER strategy in a fixed situation, specifically focusing on the primacy of putatively adaptive or maladaptive strategies. Not until recently did several empirical studies discover that the context moderated the outcome of the implementation of a specific strategy, thus switching to scrutinizing the flexible implementation of different strategies in multiple varying situations instead of single constant situation, which highlighted the role of ER flexibility. In order to examine the current status and future prospects of ER flexibility, this review was arranged as follows： In the first section, we distinguished three fundamental elements （changes in the strategy, changes in the environment, synchronous changes between strategy and environment） through analyzing conceptualizations of ER flexibility constructed in prior studies. Therefore, we defined ER flexibility as the variability of synchronous changes between strategy and environment （including internal and/or external situations）. In the second section, we overviewed two models of ER flexibility. Firstly, considering the three different time scales （micro scale, meso scale, and macro scale） involved in ER flexibility, Hollenstein, Lichtwarck-Aschoff and Potworowski classified three types of ER flexibility （dynamic flexibility, reactive flexibility, and trait/developmental flexibility）. Secondly, allowing for the three sequential components （context sensitivity, repertoire, and feedback） of ER flexibility