从青少年早期到成人早期,个体情绪调节等高级社会认知功能得到进一步完善,对情绪调节的需求也日趋增长。情绪调节的发展是青少年情绪社会化发展一个重要的任务,学会采用有效的调节策略对自身情绪进行调节是青少年社会性发展的一个重要表现。在众多关于青少年社会行为研究中,对负性情绪调节能力的探究最为成熟与深入。以往研究指出,儿童青少年对负性情绪的体验激活和调控失败都是导致其非适应性行为的原因,情绪调节方式的错误选择会与其外化行为问题和和内化行为问题有很大的关联。由于青少年适应性行为的习得是多种社会性发展指标的重叠和交叉作用的体现,我们无法完全理清其中的复杂交互作用,因此从情绪调节策略的使用效应发展入手探讨个体的适应是寻求问题解决的一个可行手段。以往研究者认为,成熟且有效的情绪调节指的是,个体能够通过控制自身的激活和唤醒以达到情绪性、生理性和社交的适应,最后达成个人的目标。情绪调节的发展也可被看作是从被动式的、有他人参与的调节(例如,社会性参照)逐渐进步为主动的、有意识的根据外部线索进行的情绪调节(例如,根据指导语提示调整自己情绪状态)。本研究旨在探究不同年龄被试(青少年早期、青少年晚期、成人早期)在按照不同指导语提示要求下增强调节和减弱调节调节效应量的年龄差异。选取上海市初中生被试35名(22男,13女;M=14.06岁,SD=.42岁,年龄范围:13~15岁)、高中生被试37名(13男,24女;M=16.56岁,SD=.56岁,年龄范围:16~18岁)以及成人被试35名(9男,26女;M=23.60岁,SD=1.96岁,年龄范围:20~29岁),采用3(年龄:初中生、高中生、成人,被试间变量)×3(情绪刺激:正性、中性、负性,被试内变量)×3(调节策略:增强调节、减弱调节、不调节,被试内变量)?
Adolescence is considered as a time full of "storm and stress" . Numerous studies suggested that emotion regulation improves with age. While previous studies typically examined the developmental change of negative emotion regulation within a specific period, few studies considered regulation effect of both positive and negative emotions in a transitional period. To address this issue, one hundred and seven participants (35 young adolescents, range=13~15 years old; 37 old adolescents, range---16~18 years old; 35 young adults, range=20-29 years old) were examined for their up- and down-regulation of positive, neutral, and negative emotional stimuli. Results showed that considering the differences of emotion regulation effect among three age groups, a drop-down phenomenon was found in the old adolescents group. Specifically, old adolescents' emotion regulation effect was the worst, while young adults' was the best.