中文摘要：

随着能源问题及全球变化关注,城市居民出行交通碳排放研究已成为多学科关注焦点。选择南京、宁波和常州作为长三角典型城市,基于典型居住小区问卷调查获取第一手的城市居民出行基础数据,估算与分析城市居民出行碳排放特征及影响机理。结果表明：长三角2010年城市居民人均出行交通碳排放约1121.9kg CO2/人,日常通勤和远距离出行碳排放量之比为75∶25;城市居民日常通勤交通碳排放的主要影响因子为交通方式、出行距离、家庭年收入、年龄和性别;远距离出行交通碳排放的主要影响因子为出行距离、交通方式和家庭年收入。建议采用差别化的行政干预和经济杠杆有效调控家庭小汽车保有量增长速度,鼓励小排量汽车和清洁能源汽车消费,兼顾汽车产业发展、家庭小汽车刚性需求与节能减排需求之间的博弈平衡;优化城市功能格局,大力发展公共交通网络;加强节能减排与低碳意识宣传,鼓励与引导公共交通出行。

英文摘要：

With increasing attentions on energy and global change issues, carbon emission from urban residents＇ transport has been attracting more and more attentions around the world. Carbon emission of energy consumption by the construction and transport in 2010 reached 2.15 billion tons of CO2, accounting for 29.7% of the total carbon emission in China. Energy consumption and carbon emission in the Yangtze River Delta in 2010 contributed 17.5% of total amount in China. Hence, it＇s of great significance to investigate carbon emission of urban residents＇ transport in the Yangtze River Delta, which is helpful to find the path to low-carbon city development. It will also play an important role in achieving the China＇s national carbon reduction target by cutting per unit of gross domestic product （GDP） by 40%--45% by 2020 against the 2005＇s level. This paper chose three representative cities, including Nanjing, Ningbo and Changzhou as the case studies, based on the criteria of city level, population size, demographic characteristics, economic development and urban spatial structure. This paper analyzed the characteristics and the impact mechanism of carbon emission for urban residents＇ transport in the Yangtze River Delta at the individual level, by collecting the first-hand information on carbon emission of urban residents＇ transport with a structured survey questionnaire and a systematic sampling method. The results showed that per capita carbon emission of urban residents＇ transport in 2010 in the Yangtze River Delta was about 1 121.9 kg CO2. The proportion of carbon emissions between daily commuting and long-distance travel was 75：25. The dominant factors to influence carbon emission of urban residents＇ daily commuting were transport mode, commuting distance, household income, age and gender, whilst those for long-distance travel were travel distance, transport mode and household income. Three counter measures should be seriously considered in policy-making. （1） Differentiated governmental inte