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黄土区不同地类坡面水沙动态过程及其发生机理的模拟实验研究

ISSN号：1672-2043
期刊名称：《农业环境科学学报》
时间：0
分类：X143[环境科学与工程—环境科学]
作者机构：[1]西北农林科技大学,陕西杨陵712100, [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨陵712100
相关基金：国家基金委西部重点基金（90502007）;国家“973”项目（2007CB407205）;中国科学院西部计划项目（KZCX2-XB2-5）;中国科学院水土保持研究所领域前沿项目（SW05109）;黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室基金项目（10501-136）承周佩华研究员在野外实验中悉心指导,郑世清、杨光等同志参加部分工作,在此表示感谢.

作者：琚彤军[1,2], 刘普灵[1,2], 王栓全[2], 徐学选[1,2], 史新合[1,2]

关键词：野外人工模拟降雨, 黄土丘陵区, 地类, 产流产沙过程, rainfall simulation in field, the loess region, land type, the process analysis of runoff-sediment

中文摘要：

利用模拟降雨在降雨性质上的可控性优势,分析了在黄土丘陵区具有代表性的几种坡面土地利用方式（林灌地、封禁荒草地、弃耕农地）的产流产沙动态过程及发生机制。结果表明,在降雨条件相近时,不同类型坡面状况的初始产流时间差异明显。次降雨过程中各地类小区产沙和产流动态变化不完全一致,产沙量较产流量增加趋势更为显著。在降雨和土壤条件相对一致的条件下,不同地类小区的侵蚀产沙过程差异显著,其中林地和草灌地与坡耕农地相比可增加入渗,减水效益明显,减沙效益更为显著,表明实施林草植被建设,包括退耕封禁等措施在内的生态治理减蚀效益明显,能够有效地减少坡面的来水来沙;并提出了可反映土壤抗蚀能力的量化指标——单位冲刷强度,为在实验流域对包括退耕还林草、封禁措施在内的生态恢复重建过程的流域水沙变化及其效应评估提供量化指标。

英文摘要：

The yield process and principles of runoff -sediment in hill-slope under different LUCC are very important to quantitatively evaluate the effectiveness of eco-environment reconstruction in the Loess Plateau area. Plot scale rainfall simulations are good methods to analyze the local runoff and sediments under controlled inputs. The previous simulated rainfall experiments were carried out to study the effect of of vegetation on sediment yield, which included few process analyses. The process of runoff-sediment yield in different land types were studied by rainfall simulations in field plots in Loess hilly region. The results showed that the sediment yield from slope tended to increase more largely than that of runoff yield. The sediment yields from plots differed greatly among different land types under the similar rainfall and soil conditions. Forest and grass lands showed more effective to reduce sediment yield than tillage land in slope. Furthermore, the runoff and sediment yields were reduced after implemented comprehensive harness in slope-land of the Loess Plateau. In addition, the unit scouring intensity （USI） was defined and used as a quantitative index to evaluate the effect of the eco-environment reconstruction on the runoff and sediment yields.

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