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黄土丘陵沟壑区乔灌草植物空间优化配置——以甘肃省定西地区为例

ISSN号：1000-0585
期刊名称：地理研究
时间：0
页码：57-63
语言：中文
分类：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学;农业科学—农业基础科学]
作者机构：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085, [2]甘肃省林业科学研究所,兰州730020
相关基金：国家自然科学基金项目（40321101;90502007）;国家“十五”科技攻关项目（2004BA606A-3）
相关项目：土地利用与生态过程

关键词：黄土丘陵沟壑区, 决策指标, 多属性决策分析, GIS, 空间优化配置模式, hilly-gully area in Loess Plateau, decision factors, multi-criterion decision analysis, GIS, spatial optimization allocation models

中文摘要：

黄土丘陵沟壑区水土流失的影响因素有气候、植被、土壤、地形等，而乔灌草植物在空间上的不合理配置是造成该区水土流失严重的主要原因之一。本文选择研究区内限制植物生长与分布的4个关键环境因子（高程、坡度、坡向和降雨量），利用多属性决策分析（MC—DA）的方法，探讨乔灌草植物在空间上的优化配置，将整个研究区划分为5类乔灌草植物空间优化配置主模式和18类乔灌草植物空间优化配置子模式；同时，应用GIS聚类分析与统计分析方法，对所划分的乔灌草植物空间优化配置模式进行空间布局分析。结果显示：农民赖以生存的经济林／农林复合配置模式和农田／庭院经济配置模式是研究区的主要配置模式，占配置模式总面积的76．02％。

英文摘要：

Soil and water loss in hilly area of the Loess Plateau is affected by many environmental factors, such as climate, vegetation, soil, terrain and so on. Severe soil and water loss is also blamed to irrational land-use pattern and infeasible spatial allocation of tree, shrub and herb plants. How to adjust land use structure and how to distribute tree, shrub and herb plants over space is imperative in the Loess Plateau. In present study, four key ecological factors affecting the growth and distribution of plants were chosen, including elevation, slope degree, slope aspect and precipitation, and then a decision table was established for spatial optimum allocation of plant species. The study area was divided into five main groups and eighteen sub-groups based on multi-criterion decision analysis （MCDA） and GIS. In addition, by using cluster analysis and area statistical analysis in GIS, the main and sub-groups were distributed to specific spatial ceils, and the area of each group was calculated. This article presents the following viewpoints and conclusions：（1） In order to avoid blindfold artificial plantations and grain-for-green projects, adaptability of species and plant communities to the four ecological factors was analyzed through MCDA and experts knowledge. （2） Under the condition of sticking the principle that the economic benefits, social benefits and ecological benefits are synchronistically improved, economic plants and medicinal plants were allocated to adaptable ceils according to their ecological requirements. （3）The decision table showed that land with a slope of more than 15° to be shifted to forest and grassland. Meanwhile, spatial ceils for natural restoration were restricted to the area with slope more than 35°, accounting for 9% of the total study area. （4）The results indicated that economic forest/agro-forestry ecosystems and the farmland/courtyard-economy ecosystems should be the two major spatial allocation models, covering 76.02% of the whole area. And th

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