中文摘要：

为了寻求在高产、高效、节水的同时能够最大程度促进温室气体减排的灌溉方式,以长期定位灌溉设施蔬菜（以番茄为例）栽培土壤为研究对象,探讨覆膜滴灌、节点式渗灌、沟灌3种不同灌溉方式对土壤温室气体（N2O、CO_2、CH4）排放特征的影响,以及温室气体排放与土壤温度和湿度两大环境因子的相关性,并运用产气比概念对温室气体累积排放量进行比较.结果表明：1在番茄生长季,不同灌溉方式下N2O排放总量表现为沟灌（25.33 kg/hm2）〉覆膜滴灌（23.87 kg/hm2）〉节点式渗灌（10.04 kg/hm2）,土壤温度适宜条件下,N2O排放通量与土壤湿度呈极显著相关（P〈0.01）.2CO_2排放通量随着气温升高及植株生长而逐渐增大,具有明显的季节性变化.不同灌溉方式下CO_2排放总量表现为节点式渗灌（11.84 t/hm2）〉沟灌（10.45 t/hm2）〉覆膜滴灌（9.53 t/hm2）;覆膜滴灌和节点式渗灌处理下CO_2排放通量与土壤温度呈极显著相关（P〈0.01）,沟灌处理下二者呈显著相关（P〈0.05）.3在番茄整个生长季期间,土壤总体表现为大气CH4的汇,不同灌溉方式下CH4吸收总量表现为节点式渗灌（1.98 kg/hm2）〉覆膜滴灌（0.93 kg/hm2）〉沟灌（0.71 kg/hm2）,CH4排放通量与土壤湿度呈显著相关（P〈0.05）.研究显示,采用覆膜滴灌方式不仅可以达到高产、高效、节水的目标,而且综合排放的温室气体量最少,可达到土壤温室气体最大程度的减排效果,减缓全球气候变暖趋势,是一种最佳的灌溉方式.

英文摘要：

Long-term cultivated soil（ tomato） was selected as the research object to seek high yield,high efficiency and water-saving irrigation methods while minimizing greenhouse gas emissions as much as possible. Three irrigation methods（ mulched drip irrigation,drip filtration irrigation and furrow irrigation） were investigated for soil greenhouse gas（ N_2O,CO_2and CH4） emission characteristics,in order to reveal the relationship between greenhouse gases and soil temperature（ 5 cm） and moisture. Based on the research results,we put forward the concept of ＇yield gas ratio＇ to compare the cumulative emissions of greenhouse gases. The results showed that：（ 1） the total N_2O emissions during the tomato growing season decreased with the order of furrow irrigation（ 25. 33 kg/hm2） mulched drip irrigation（ 23. 87 kg/hm2） drip filtration irrigation（ 10. 04 kg/hm2）. When soil temperature was appropriate,N_2O emission flux was extremely significantly correlated with soil moisture（ P〈0. 01）.（ 2） CO_2 emissions increased with increased temperature and plant growth. The CO_2 total emissions decreased with an order of drip filtration irrigation（ 11. 84 t/hm2） furrow irrigation（ 10. 45 t/hm2） mulched drip irrigation（ 9. 53 t/hm2）. The CO_2 emission fluxes of mulched drip irrigation and drip filtration irrigation were extremely significantly correlated with soil temperature（ P〈0. 01）,and the furrow irrigation was also significantly correlated with soil temperature（ P〈0. 05）.（ 3） Overall,CH4 was a sink during the tomato growing season. The CH4 total absorptionsdecreased with an order of drip filtration irrigation（ 1. 98 kg/hm2） mulched drip irrigation（ 0. 93 kg/hm2） furrow irrigation（ 0. 71kg/hm2）,and CH4 emission flux had significant correlation with soil moisture. In summary,using plastic mulched drip irrigation can not only realize goals of high yield,high efficiency and water conservation,but also achieves the least amount of greenhouse gas emissi