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中文摘要：
为研究土壤水分的蒸发机理，自主开发了大型环境箱试验装置，并以枫丹白露砂土为研究对象，室内模拟土壤水分的蒸发过程。该试验在控制大气参数和保持土壤底部水位稳定的条件下，对蒸发过程中大气参数（空气温度、相对湿度和流量）和土壤参数（土壤温度、基质吸力和体积含水量）的变化，特别是土壤表面基质吸力的变化进行了研究。同时根据试验结果对蒸发速率及累积蒸发量进行了计算分析。研究结果表明：蒸发主要限制在土壤浅层区域，浅层土壤的体积含水量和温度的变化均较大；空气温度和土壤蒸发过程对土壤温度的变化具有较大的影响；土壤表面空气相对湿度与蒸发过程具有相关性；土壤基质吸力随着蒸发的进行逐渐增大；实际蒸发速率呈现3个阶段。
英文摘要：
To investigate the mechanism of soil water evaporation, water evaporation experiment was performed on Fontainebleau sand in a large-scale environmental chamber under controlled atmospheric conditions and with a constant water table at the bottom of soil sample. Both the evolutions of atmospheric parameters （air temperature, rela- tive humidity and air flow rate） and the changes of soil parameters （ soil temperature, volumetric water content and matric suction） were monitored during the experiment. Emphasis was put on the measurement of matric suction at the soil surface. The actual evaporation rate and cumulative evaporation were also determined using the experimental data. Results show that the evaporation process is limited to the near surface zone ; significant changes of soil volumetric wa- ter content and temperature in this zone were identified, whereas negligible changes were observed at deeper levels. Both air temperature and evaporation process have significant influence on the changes of soil temperature. The relative humidity at soil surface is related to the evaporation process. The soil matric suction increases during evaporation. The actual evaporation rate shows a clear three stages.
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