中文摘要：

东洞庭湖国家级自然保护区是我国乃至全球湿地水鸟的重要越冬栖息地,研究水鸟群落与环境因子之间的关系,对修复鸟类栖息地具有重要意义.2010和2011年冬季分别对东洞庭湖湿地冬季水鸟进行调查,采用典范对应分析（CCA）分析环境因子与优势水鸟分布的关系,采用偏CCA评估各环境因子的影响强度.结果表明：到道路距离、到居民距离、斑块密度、植被类型数、水面面积和苔草面积对东洞庭湖冬季水鸟分布具有显著影响（P〈0.05）,其影响强度为苔草面积〉斑块密度〉到居民距离〉植被类型数〉水面面积〉到道路距离,苔草面积和斑块密度对水鸟分布的影响达极显著水平（P〈0.01）,是影响东洞庭湖湿地冬季水鸟的主要环境因子;景观多样性和芦苇面积对水鸟分布的影响未达到显著水平（P〉0.05）.回归分析结果显示,环境因子对不同水鸟丰富度的影响不同,白琵鹭、罗纹鸭和黑腹滨鹬丰富度随苔草面积增大而减小,随斑块密度增大而增大;豆雁、白额雁、小白额雁和绿翅鸭丰富度随苔草面积增大而增大,随斑块密度增大而减小.东洞庭湖冬季水鸟分布是由以苔草面积、斑块密度为主的多环境因子综合作用的结果.

英文摘要：

East Dongting Lake is one of the national nature reserves in China,and an important habitat for the wintering of waterfowls in China,and even,global wetlands.To study the relationships between waterfowl community and environmental factors is of vital significance in providing useful data and necessary information for the restoration of bird habitat.In the winters of 2010 and 2011,a survey was conducted on the wintering waterfowls in East Dongting Lake wetland,and canonical correspondence analysis（CCA） was adopted to reveal the relationships between the distribution of dominant wintering waterfowl species and environmental factors.The partial CCA was also employed to assess the respective importance of environmental factors on the waterfowl species distribution and diversity.The factors including the distance to roads,distance to residents,patch density,number of vegetation types,water area,and sedge area had significant effects on the waterfowl distribution（P0.05）,with the affecting intensity in the order of sedge area patch density distance to residents number of vegetation types water area distance to road.Sedge area and patch density had highly significant effects（P0.01） on the distribution of the waterfowls,being the two major factors affecting the wintering waterfowls in the wetland,while landscape diversity index and reed area had no significant effects（P0.05）.The regression analysis showed that environmental factors had different effects on the species richness.The richness of Platalea leucorodia,Anas falcata,and Calidris alpina decreased with the increase of sedge area,while increased with the increase of patch density.However,the richness of Anser fabalis,Anser albifrons,Anser erythropus,and Anas crecca increased with increase of sedge area while decreased with the increase of patch density.It was suggested that the distribution of wintering waterfowls in East Dongting Lake wetland was affected by a variety of environmental factors,among which,sedge area and patch density played the most