本文回顾了应急管理阶段理论的发展过程,分析了传统应急管理阶段理论存在的一些不足。根据突发事件中危害因素、受灾体、应急管理的不同行为特征,提出了应急管理阶段的新模型。在该新模型中,应急管理的生命周期包括"预防-监测-响应-恢复-重建"五个前后相续的阶段,而"减灾"与"准备"则被提升为贯穿应急管理整个生命周期的两类基础性活动。
In this paper the development process of emergency management phases was reviewed,and the deficiencies of the prevailing theory of emergency management phases was analyzed. According to the different characteristics of hazard agents,impact acceptors,and emergency management,a new model of emergency management phases was proposed. In this new model,the life cycle of emergency management consisted of five sequential phases:prevention,monitoring,response,recovery and reconstruction; and the mitigation and preparedness were lifted out as two categories of basic activities throughout the whole life cycle of emergency management.