中文摘要：

加强应急准备文化建设,是提升整体应急水平的基础。应急意识和能力培养是应急准备文化建设的重要内容之一,良好的应急意识和心理承受力对于突发事件响应和恢复具有重要作用。针对我国公众与社会组织应对危机的意识和观念普遍比较低下,缺乏基本应急常识,尚未具备基本的应急素质和能力这一现状,借鉴美国、日本、德国等国家应急准备方面的成熟经验,提出我国应急意识和能力建设的措施建议,包括构建全社会共同参与的应急管理机制,形成必要的组织和制度保障;建立全方位的应急知识宣传教育体系,通过多种渠道、途径和形式普及应急知识,以及广泛开展各种应急演练等。从而培养我国公众与社会组织的应急意识、能力和素质,有效应对各类突发事件的发生。

英文摘要：

The foundation of enhancing the overall level of emergency is to strengthen the construction of emergency preparedness culture,the important part of which is training of awareness and capacity.Good emergency consciousness and psychological endurance of public can play an important role in emergency response and recovery.In view of the lackness of crisis consciousness,basic emergency knowledge and ability of China＇s public,by learning from mature experience of America,Japan,Germany,etc,proposals are put forward in this article to strengthen the public＇s emergency consciousness and improve emergency capability,including the construction of the necessary organization and rules,popularizing knowledge through a variety of ways and forms,carrying out kinds of emergency exercises,etc.In this way,the consciousness,ability and quality of emergency can be strengthened to deal with all types of emergencies effectively.