中文摘要：

免除沉积进河的沾染物是主要问题之一在环境水动力学学习。为在不同水动力学条件下面释放进 overlying 水的沾染物，包含的机械机制能粗略地被划分成对流散开，分子的散开，和吸附 / 解吸附作用。因为好沉积的明显的环境影响(\(D_{ 90 }=\) 0.06mm ) ，非连贯的好沉积，和连贯的好沉积在这篇论文，和磷被研究为沾染物的典型吸附被选择。通过沾染物版本过程的理论分析，根据不同水力的条件，联合数学模型的沾染物版本能被 NS 方程， Darcy 方程，溶质运输方程，和吸附 / 解吸附作用方程建立。然后，实验在开的水斜槽被完成。模拟结果和试验性的结果证明在以后，那对流散开在非连贯、连贯的好沉积统治沾染物版本他们的暂停，和那他们贡献超过 90% 全部的版本。分子的散开和解吸附作用从 unsuspended 沉积为沾染物版本贡献有更多。在 unsuspension 沉积，对流散开在在高速度下面的起始的阶段期间比分子的散开大大约 1050 倍；它在以后的阶段接近分子的散开。对流散开在在低速度下面的起始的阶段期间比分子的散开大大约 6 倍，它关于在以后的阶段的 1/4 分子的散开，并且有有解吸附作用 / 吸附的类似的水平。在 unsuspended 沉积，渗出物边界层在那层在 watersediment 接口，和各种各样的版本机制下面存在主要统治沾染物版本过程。在非连贯的好沉积，那层的深度线性地增加与砍应力。在连贯的好沉积，范围渗出物边界在非连贯的沉积与那不同，并且那现象是更明显的在下面一更低砍应力。

英文摘要：

Contaminants released from sediment into rivers are one of the main problems to study in environmental hydrodynamics. For contaminants released into the overlying water under different hydrodynamic conditions, the mechanical mechanisms involved can be roughly divided into convective diffusion, molecular diffusion, and adsorption/desorption. Because of the obvious environmental influence of fine sediment （D90 = 0.06 mm）, non-cohesive fine sediment, and cohesive fine sediment are researched in this paper, and phosphorus is chosen for a typical adsorption of a contaminant. Through theoretical analysis of the contaminant release process, according to different hydraulic conditions, the contaminant release coupling mathematical model can be established by the N-S equation, the Darcy equation, the solute transport equation, and the adsorption/desorption equation. Then, the experiments are completed in an open water flume. The simulation results and experimental results show that convective diffusion dominates the contaminant release both in non-cohesive and cohesive fine sediment after their suspension, and that they contribute more than 90 % of the total release. Molecular diffusion and desorption have more of a contribution for contaminant release from unsuspended sediment. In unsuspension sediment, convective diffusion is about 10-50 times larger than molecular diffusion during the initial stages under high velocity; it is close to molecular diffusion in the later stages. Convective diffusion is about 6 times larger than molecular diffusion during the initial stages under low velocity, it is about a quarter of mole- cular diffusion in later stages, and has a similar level with desorption/adsorption. In unsuspended sediment, a seepage boundary layer exists below the water-sediment interface, and various release mechanisms in that layer mostly dominate the contaminant release process. In non-cohesive fine sediment, the depth of that layer increases linearly with shear stress. In cohesive fine sediment, the range s