中文摘要：

拟核结合蛋白是细菌遗传物质组织和基因表达调控的关键.细菌基因组压缩为致密的拟核必需有拟核结合蛋白的支撑.拟核结合蛋白、DNA超螺旋和大分子簇在拟核的结构形成中起到重要作用,其中拟核结合蛋白最重要.拟核结合蛋白还影响细菌DNA的复制、重组、转录和修复等多个重要生理过程.作为全局调控因子,拟核结合蛋白是调控细菌适应环境变化所需基因表达的关键.本文总结拟核结合蛋白的结构、功能和调控,特别是其在致病与非致病分枝杆菌中的差别,为寻找新药物靶标提供线索.

英文摘要：

One hallmark of bacterial genome is the compact structure called the nucleoid.However,this dense structure poses special challenges for bacteria.The formation of this compressed structure and disentanglement upon particular gene expression requires multiple factors,such as molecular crowding,DNA supercoils and nucleoid-associated proteins（NAP）.NAPs are believed to be the most important factors underlying above intricate process.There are many molecules belonging to NAPs,which associate with the chromosomal DNA and facilitate the latter to fold into a compact structure by bridging,bending or wrapping DNA.NAPs are versatile.They also involved in a plethora essential biological processes,such as transcription,DNA repair,DNA recombination and DNA replication.As a global regulator,NAP is pivotal in coordinating the bacterial gene expression to adapt to the environmental fluctuation.The fundamental structure,function and regulation of NAPs are summarized in this paper with particular emphasis on the NAPs difference between pathogenic and nonpathogenic mycobacteria.The prospect of employing these differences to find novel drug targets against tuberculosis is also discussed.