中文摘要：

包含烟碱的高集中的固体或液体废物能弄脏河和湖里的沉积，并且如果没有任何处理，它直接被解除进环境，可以破坏生态的平衡。在这研究，聚合酶链反应(PCR ) 和使中毒的坡度，胶化电气泳动(DGGE ) 方法被用来与烟碱集中和暴露的时间在控制和污染烟碱的沉积样品分析微生物引起的社区结构的变化。结果证明在污染烟碱的沉积样品的某细菌的种类的生长在暴露期间被禁止。当另外的细菌在烟碱的效果下面被充实时，一些细菌随烟碱集中的增加或暴露的时间在种类差异并且在数量减少了，并且他们的 DGGE 乐队从低音改变了到深颜色。然而，微生物引起的社区结构在污染烟碱的沉积样品显示出一个宽变化，特别在与高强度烟碱对待的沉积样品。Jaccard 索引仅仅与在暴露的 28d 以后的 0.030g/g 的烟碱集中在起始的沉积样品和沉积样品之间是 35.1% 。差异索引证明污染的组随着时间的过去有一个类似的趋势。污染的组的差异索引都在暴露以后在第一 7d 减少了，然后增加了直到白天 42。它被发现那烟碱减少在沉积的微生物引起的社区的差异。

英文摘要：

Solid or liquid waste containing a high concentration of nicotine can pollute sediment in rivers and lakes, and may destroy the ecological balance if it is directly discharged into the environment without any treatment. In this study, the polymerase chain reaction （PCR） and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） method was used to analyze the variation of the microbial community structure in the control and nicotinecontaminated sediment samples with nicotine concentration and time of exposure. The results demonstrated that the growth of some bacterial species in the nicotine-contaminated sediment samples was inhibited during the exposure. Some bacteria decreased in species diversity and in quantity with the increase of nicotine concentration or time of exposure, while other bacteria were enriched under the effect of nicotine, and their DGGE bands changed from undertones to deep colors. The microbial community structure, however, showed a wide variation in the nicotine- contaminated sediment samples, especially in the sediment samples treated with high-concentration nicotine. The Jaccard index was only 35.1% between the initial sediment sample and the sediment sample with a nicotine concentration of 0.030 μg/g after 28 d of exposure. Diversity indices showed that the contaminated groups had a similar trend over time. The diversity indices of contaminated groups all decreased in the first 7 d after exposure, then increased until day 42. It has been found that nicotine decreased the diversity of the microbial community in the sediment.