中文摘要：

在生态水文学的发展进程中,流域生态水文模型是研究的重要分支和热点问题.它可以通过不同尺度的生态过程和水文过程的耦合描述,揭示其相互作用机制与关系.发展至今,对流域生态水文模型的研究已取得一些阶段成果,从最初描述单过程的经验模型到清晰刻画物理过程的分布式模型,主要经历了单向耦合模型、概念模型、半物理过程模型和物理过程模型.目前,流域生态水文模型在森林流域和干旱半干旱区流域生态水文过程对气候变化的响应及土地利用对作物产量影响等方面的研究中得到广泛应用.现有模型在对植被-水文相互作用机制的刻画、流域尺度转换、模型参数估计、输入数据、模拟精度与不确定性等方面存在一些问题,这些问题也是未来生态水文模型研究的重点.生态水文模型的研究依赖于生态水文学的学科发展和理论研究,要紧密结合生态水文学的最新研究进展,才能够实现模型在理论上的突破.

英文摘要：

Eco-hydrological processes,coupled ecological processes and hydrological processes in the earth surface system,are the basic developing and evolving processes of the earth surface system.It is front-burner and difficult scientific issue for eco-hydrology to establish sustainable eco-hydrological models in the earth surface system via explore eco-hydrological characteristics and processes at different temporal and spatial scales,achieving sustainable management of water resources and water environment.Eco-hydrological models are a kind of powerful tool to study eco-hydrological processes.They are capable of coupling ecological processes with hydrological processes,revealing the interaction mechanism of ecological processes and hydrological processes,and illustrating the relationship between the two kinds of processes by describing ecological processes and hydrological processes at different scales.On the one hand,the rise of the eco-hydrological model benefits from the progress of acquisition technology for spatial information,such as geography information systems and remote sensing which provide detailed spatial distribution of watershed underlying surface.On the other hand,the appearance of distributed hydrological model makes it possible to couple the ecological models of field scale at each spatial unit.Up to now,the research on ecohydrological model of watershed of scale has obtained some staged achievements including one-way coupled model,conceptual model,semi-physical process model and physical process model.At present,the eco-hydrological model of watershed scale has been widely used in the eco-hydrological processes of forest watershed,the response of ecohydrological processes in the watershed of arid and semiarid region to climate change and the impact on crop yield of land-use and land-cover change.The existing eco-hydrological models of watershed scale have some problems including eco-hydrological interaction,watershed scale transformation,parameters estimation,input data,the simulation accuracy and th