中文摘要：

绝缘子伞裙结构的设计要考虑诸多影响因素，合理的设计绝缘子的伞裙结构可以提高沿面闪络电压，保证输电线路供电的可靠性。研究了伞裙结构对沿面预放电（流注放电）特性的影响，从如何抑制沿面流注放电的角度探讨了绝缘子伞裙结构的设计。从沿面流注放电的试验结果发现：光滑圆柱绝缘子表面流注拥有两个分量，即“沿面分量”和“空气分量”，而带伞裙的绝缘子表面流注“沿面分量”不能越过伞裙传播到达上极板，只有“空气分量”可以到达上极板。此外，带伞裙绝缘子表面流注稳定传播场强大于光滑绝缘子表面流注稳定传播场强。沿面流注稳定传播场强与伞裙直径成正比，而相同电场下的流注传播速度则和伞裙直径成反比。伞裙位置对流注传播特性也有很大影响，在一定距离范围内，伞裙越靠近流注起始位置，流注传播越困难。

英文摘要：

The design of shed configuration should consider a number of factors. The reasonable shed configuration can improve flashover voltage of insulator and enhance the reliability of the overhead transmission lines. The paper investigated the influence of shed configuration on development of the predischarge （streamer discharge） and proposed a novel design idea from the perspective of inhibiting streamer discharge. The result shows that the streamer propagated along smooth cylindrical insulator with a ＇surface＇ and an ＇air＇ component. For the insulators with a shed, the ＇surface＇ component never reached the cathode, only the ＇air＇ component crossed the gap to reach the cathode. Furthermore, the electric field required for streamer stable propagation along the insulators with a shed was larger than that along smooth cylindrical insulators. The electric field required for streamer stable propagation was in proportion to the protrusion length of insulator shed. Under the same electric field, the streamer propagation velocity was in inverse proportion to the protrusion length of insulator shed. The position of shed also had a great influence on the characteristics of streamer propagation. The more the shed was close to the initiation of streamer, the more difficult the streamer propagates along the insulator surface.