中文摘要：

比较准确评估地方财政收支状况是改革完善地方财政制度的基础。借鉴Ladd和Yinger的财政健康分析方法对湖北省县（市）财政健康进行评估,发现样本期间县（市）财政健康水平呈先降后升形态,且县（市）财政健康水平总体仍较低。进一步的实证研究显示,财政分权和＂省直管县＂财政改革都显著地提升了县（市）财政健康水平。为增进地方财政健康度,应科学界定地方政府的事权与财权,完善省以下分税制,构建合意的转移支付制度和地方债制度,同时深化地方财政及行政层级改革,建立扁平化的地方财政及行政管理体制。

英文摘要：

A more accurate valuation of local fiscal revenue and expenditure condition is the basis for the reform and improvement of local financial system.This paper assesses the fiscal health of the counties of Hubei province,referring to the methods of Ladd and Yinger,and finds that the fiscal health shows the trend of downward and then upward during the sample period,and the overall county fiscal health remains low.Further empirical research shows that both fiscal decentralization and the direct provincial supervising over county fiscal reform have significantly improved the fiscal health of the counties.In order to enhance the local fiscal health,we should scientifically define the responsibilities and financial authority of local government,improve the tax sharing system below the provincial level,and build an acceptable transfer payment system and local debt system;at the same time,China should deepen the local fiscal and administrative reform and establish a flat fiscal and administrative management system.