中文摘要：

摘要纳米材料的小尺寸效应和表面效应使之在摩擦领域有独特应用，而纳米材料的性质和润滑机理研究离不开各种各样的表征。总结了扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、X射线能谱（EDS）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）及红外光谱分析（IR）等现代分析测试技术在纳米材料摩擦学中微观形貌的观察、结构与成分鉴定、表面元素的定性定量分析、摩擦化学反应产物的分析与研究等方面的应用，并对其优缺点和作用进行阐述，为相关科研人员提供表征方法上的指导。

英文摘要：

The unique small size effect and surface effect of nanomaterials make them have a unique application in the field of friction, and the lubrication mechanisms of nanomaterials are inseparable from different characterization methods. This article summarizes the applications of scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, X-ray spectroscopy （EDS）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） and infrared spectroscopy （IR） and other modern analytical techniques in nanomaterials tribology. The modern analytical techniques are used to observe the morphology, identify the structure and composition of nanomaterials, analyze the worn surface elements and study the products of tribochemical reaction. Moreover, both advantages and disadvantages of these modern analysis methods are described in this article. It is hoped to provide guidance of characterization methods for the relevant researchers in the studv of trihological namomaterials.