中文摘要：

为了改进太阳短波辐射参数化，运用考虑了坡地坡向短波辐射效应（SLOPE）的非静力中尺度模式GRAPES（全球／区域同化和预报系统），模拟和讨论了坡地坡向短波辐射效应在不同模式分辨率情况下对中国不同天气过程的影响。数值试验表明：（1）当水平分辨率较低且坡地平缓时，通常可忽略坡地辐射效应，但当水平分辨率较高且地形陡峭起伏时，则不能忽略；（2）在高分辨率（3或6km格距，下同）的情况下，降水的增加和减少与坡地坡向引起的地表短波辐射（GSW）的减少和增加相对应，降水量的增减量大部分均为-5—5mm；（3）在高分辨率的情况下，地表温度与地表热通量之间有较好的相关性，且大都发生在地形复杂的多山地区；（4）坡地坡向短波辐射效应引起的GSW、降水量、地表温度和地表热通量等要素的变化除了在地形复杂的多山地区比较明显之外，在其他地区也存在。这是由于考虑了坡度和坡向的作用后，影响了大气环流的变化，随着积分时间的增加，其他地区上述物理量也相应地存在一定的变化；（5）坡地坡向对短波辐射的作用，在降水量较小，云量较少的天气过程中，可以更真实地得到反映。因此，在地形复杂和水平分辨率较高情况下，需要考虑坡度坡向作用。

英文摘要：

Solar radiation is obviously an important factor in many aspects of surface forcing. Currently short wave radiation scheme in GRAPES （Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System） is based on Dudhia （1989） and taken from MM5. It is a simple downward integration of solar flux, accounting for clear-air scattering （Lacis and Hansen 1974）, water vapor absorption, cloud albedo and absorption, and uses look-up tables for clouds from Stephens （1978）. Short wave radiation at the ground surface （GSW） is originally calculated under the assumption of horizontal surface. This method of estimating the GSW may lead to considerable errors when the model resolution becomes high and the model terrain steep. To improve solar short wave radiation parameterization slope irradiance has been implemented into nonhydrostatic mesoscale model GRAPES as it has been used in many climate models and its good performance. The effects of the slope irradiance on different short range weather processes in China under different model resolutions are simulated and discussed. In the simulation, topography height is taken from NCEP with a resolution of 1 km, and the slope and orientation of terrain are calculated by the staggered different schemes and under different weather processes. The results show that when the model resolution is low and the slope of terrain is not large, the influence of slope and orientation of terrain on the GSW is not evident, otherwise, it is not negligible. Under the high resolution （3 and 6 km, hereafter the same）, the increase or decrease of simulated precipitation are respectively corresponding to the decrease and increase of the GSW induced with the slope effect, the increments of precipitation are usually ranged between 5 and - 5 mm. Under the high resolution the surface temperature and the surface heat fluxes are fairly correlated to each other and mostly the high correlation exists in the complex terrain regions. The changes of the GSW, the precipitation, the surface temperature and th