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中文摘要：
应用有限元方法,针对尖轨侧磨、间隔铁处钢轨压溃、轨底坡设置的不同工况建立三维弹性轮轨接触模型进行轮轨接触应力计算分析,揭示了病害产生的主要机理,并提出改善重载道岔服役性能的优化方案。结果表明：轴重大、轮轨作用力大、尖轨承载能力偏弱是重载铁路道岔尖轨侧磨严重的根本原因;间隔铁处的轨道刚度偏大和间隔铁与轨头下颚紧密接触对钢轨弹性变形空间的限制是导致间隔铁处钢轨压溃的重要原因;建议将重载铁路道岔区的轨底坡调整为1/20。
英文摘要：
Focusing on side wear of switch rail,rail crushing at spacer block,and different rail base slope,a three-dimensional elastic wheel/rail contact model is established by employing finite element method to calculate wheel/rail contact stress.This paper reveals the main reason for rail disease and presents the optimization schemes for improving heavy load service performance.The results show that：the root causes for serious wear of the switch rail are big axis load,big wheel/rail interaction force and its weak carrying capacity;the main reasons for rail crushing at the spacer block are big rail stiffness and restriction of rail elastic deformation space caused by close contact between the spacer block and rail head jaw;it is suggested that the rail base slope should be adjusted as 1/20.
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