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中文摘要：
无线传感器网络节点拥塞导致节点丢弃大量的数据包，这不仅影响了网络服务质量，还浪费了节点宝贵的能量，进而缩短了网络生命周期．提出了一种避免传感器网络节点拥塞的算法．该算法包含了基于发送窗口分配的拥塞避免和基于优先级的数据包调度策略．网络节点首先根据一定策略为上一跳节点分配发送窗口来预防本地发生拥塞，获得发送窗口的上一跳节点每次选择优先级最高的数据包发送以改善网络服务质量．模拟实验表明，提出的算法具有良好的能量有效性，有效地避免了由节点缓冲区溢出造成的网络丢包，同时改善了网络传输的公平性并降低了网络的平均延迟．
英文摘要：
Network congestion happens if the source traffic load exceeds the maximal transport capacity at any point in a network. For wireless sensor networks, the node-level congestion leads to a large amount of packet drop, causes the transport capacity to degrade, and increases the network latency. Particularly, more packet retransmissions under network congestion waste the limited energy of network nodes, and shorten the network system lifetime. However, the end-to-end congestion control in wired networks is not appropriate to wireless sensor networks, due to the radio channel and the traffic pattern in wireless sensor networks. In this paper, a node-level congestion avoidance algorithm for wireless sensor networks is proposed. The proposed algorithm consists of two parts, one is the sending window based congestion avoidance and the other is the priority based packet sending strategy. Under the proposed algorithm, every sensor node assigns a sending window for each upstream node by some strategies, and the upstream node which obtains available sending window sends the packet with the highest priority in order to improve the network performances, such as fairness and latency. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is energy-efficient, not only reducing the packet drop rate over networks, but also improving effectively the network transport fairness and the average network latency.
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