中文摘要：

论述了东汉《四分历》前后首次出现的一些球面天文概念，并把它们和古希腊有关概念进行比较；在此基础上，进一步探讨了《后汉书》中晷漏表和黄赤道宿度表的天文学意义，认为东汉时期在测算实践的基础上已经初步尝试并基本建立了一个空间天球模型。关于古代中国的“似黄纬”，在托勒玫天文学中可以找到类似的概念。比较了东汉和古希腊对于太阳视赤纬、黄赤道坐标变换、昼夜长度和天体中天等的计算方法和考虑问题出发点的异同，前者比较重视测算实践，而后者则建立在球面三角学的基础上。东汉《四分历》为后世“步晷漏术”确立了基本模式，在中国天文学史中具有重要地位。

英文摘要：

Based on a description of the celestial sphere and two astronomical tables in the Book of the Later Han （Houhanshu） , this paper argues that in China the concept of the celestial sphere was constructed in the Eastern Han Dynasty. The paper also makes a comparison between the Houhanshu and Almagest regarding their descriptions of the celestial sphere and various celestial calculations, pointing out for the first time a common concept of approximate celestial latitude. In sum, the problems with which they were confronted were the same, but their approaches were different.