中文摘要：

microRNAs（miRNAs）是一类长度约22个核苷酸的非编码RNA．这是一种广泛存在于真核生物中的内源性单链小分子RNA，miRNAs通过部分碱基对互补方式与靶基因结合，在转录和转录后水平调节靶基因表达．最近研究发现，miRNAs可以靶向多个衰老相关信号通路，在线虫、果蝇、小鼠和人类的衰老过程中发挥了重要的调控作用．本文总结了近年来与衰老相关的miRNAs的研究进展，首先介绍衰老相关的信号通路，然后重点介绍与线虫和哺乳动物衰老有关的miRNAs，以及这些miRNAs如何调控衰老相关信号通路，从而影响细胞、组织和整个机体的衰老进程和衰老相关性疾病，最后展望该领域未来的研究方向．

英文摘要：

microRNAs （miRNAs） are a class of endogenous non-coding RNAs with about 22 nucleotides. miRNAs are widely expressed in eukaryote and can post-transcriptionally control genes expression by blocking translation or inducing degradation through partial base-pair complementarity with their target mRNAs. Recent findings show that miRNAs are essential for lifespan determination in Caenorhabditis elegans （C. elegans）, Drosophila, mice and human by targeting many aging related pathways. In this review, we summarize the recent literatures on various regulatory roles of miRNAs during aging. We introduce the pathways that function in the aging process and highlight how certain miRNAs regulate aging and aging related diseases through these pathways at the levels of organism lifespan, tissue aging and cellular senescence. Finally, we discuss future perspectives on the study of the mechanisms by which miRNAs modulate aging processes.