一个三色有向图D是本原的,当且仅当存在非负整数h、k和v,且h+k+v〉0,使得D中的每一对顶点(i,j)都存在从i到j的(h,k,v)-途径,称h+k+v的最小值为D的本原指数。本文研究一类特殊的三色有向图,其未着色图恰含一个n-圈、一个(n-1)-圈和一个2-圈,给出了本原条件和本原指数上界,并对本原指数上界的极图进行了刻划。
A three-colored digraph D is primitive if and only if there exists nonnegative integers h, k and v with h + k + v 〉 0 such that for each pair (i,j) of vertices there exists a ( h, k, v)-walk in D from i to j. The exponent of the primitive three-colored digraph D is the minimum value of h + k + v taken over all such h, k and v. Special three-colored digraphs were studied, whose uncolored digraph consists of one n-cycle, one ( n - 1)-cycle and one 2-cycle. Some primitive conditions and an upper bound on the exponent were given. Further, the characterizations of extremal three-colored digraphs were put forth.