中文摘要：

实验研究了不同预堆期对牛粪和秸秆混合堆肥进程的影响及其用生化参数评价堆肥腐熟度的可能性。实验按预堆天数分为4堆，预堆期分别为0、5、10、15d，分别标记0#、5#、10#和15#。实验中对温度、pH、TOC、TN、C／N、总菌数和发芽指数（germination index，GI）进行了测定。结果表明，堆肥中，10#和15#处理发酵温度要高于5#和0#．且持续的时间更长．表明设置预堆期有利于堆肥快速升温加快发酵腐熟进程。在堆肥中，pH、TOC和TN参数在不同堆体间的差异显著（P〈0．05；P〈0．001；P〈0．001），而总菌数和GI均没有达到显著水平（P〉0．05）。依据堆肥中各指标参数的相关关系，以GI为腐熟度标志，pH和C／N为自变量，以44个样本数经多重逐步回归分析建立模型，多重线性方程为：GI=-215．754＋44．31pH-2．804[C／N]，R^2=0．4721，相关系数达到极显著水平（P〈0．0001）。依据方程预测值．建议GI〉105％时可作为牛粪堆肥腐熟度的参考指标，但从相关系数看出回归方程仍需进一步修正．以提高预测的准确性。

英文摘要：

The research was to study the effects of different pretreatment periods on composting processes of cattle feces mixed with straw, and the possibility of using chemical and biological parameters to evaluate the compost maturity. Four composting treatments were designed with pretreatment time 0, 5, 10 and 15 days （marked 0 #, 5 #, 10 # and 15 #） respectively. The chemical and biological parameters of composting processes were detected, including temperature, pH value, total organic carbon （TOC）, C/N ratio, total nitrogen （TN）, total bacteria and germination index （GI）. The results showed that the temperature in 10 # and 15 # treatments was higher than in the 5 # and 0 #, and the high temperature stage of 10 # and 15 # treatments lasted longer than others, indicating that long time of pretreatment could raise the com- posting temperature and promote composting to reach the stability quickly. Significant differences of pH, TOC, and TN parameters between different treatments were observed （P〈0.05 or P〈0.001 ）. A mathematical model was developed using multiple stepwise regression analysis and the regression equation was GI=-215.754＋44.31 pH-2.804[C/N] （R^2=0.472 1, P〈0.000 1）. The GI value greater than 105% was proposed to be the threshold value for determining the maturity of cattle manure composting. Nevertheless, further corrections of the model were needed in order to improve the accuracy of predicting compost maturity.