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从红土镍矿镍铁渣中分离浸取镍铬工艺

ISSN号：1009-606X
期刊名称：过程工程学报
时间：2013.8.15
页码：608-614
分类：TG146[金属学及工艺—金属材料;一般工业技术—材料科学与工程;金属学及工艺—金属学]
作者机构：[1]湿法冶金清洁生产技术国家工程实验室,北京100190, [2]中国科学院过程工程研究所,绿色过程与工程院重点实验室,北京100190
相关基金：Project（51125018）supported by the National Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of China; Project（51204153）supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China; Project（2011BAC06B07）supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program,China
相关项目：碱熔盐活化分解红土镍矿及硫酸低压浸出镍、钴的基础研究

关键词：除铬, 除铝, 动力学, 碳酸钠焙烧预处理, 红土镍矿, 镍, 钴, dechromization, dealumination, kinetics, Na2CO3-roasting pretreatment, laterite ore, nickel, cobalt

中文摘要：

开发碳酸钠碱熔焙烧预处理红土镍矿的新工艺,对红土镍矿碱熔脱除铬和铝动力学以及矿石粒度和碱矿质量比、焙烧温度等影响铬和铝浸出率的因素进行系统研究。结果表明：在矿石粒度为44-74μm、碱矿质量比为0.6：1和焙烧温度为1000℃的条件下,铬和铝的浸出率分别达到99%和82%以上。在600-800℃温度范围内,除铬反应受产物层扩散控制,其表观活化能为3.9 k J/mol;在900-1100℃温度范围内,除铬反应受表面化学反应控制,其表观活化能为54.3 kJ/mol。此外,在600-1100℃温度范围内,除铝反应受Avrami内扩散控制,其表观活化能为16.4 kJ/mol。在后续对碱熔渣进行加压酸浸过程中,镍和钴的浸出率分别达到96.8%和95.6%。

英文摘要：

A novel process was proposed for the activation pretreatment of limonitic laterite ores by Na2CO3 roasting. Dechromization and dealumination kinetics of the laterite ores and the effect of particle size, Na2CO3-ore mass ratio, and roasting temperature on Cr and Al extraction were studied. Experimental results indicate that the extraction rates of Cr and Al are up to 99%and 82%, respectively, under the optimal particle size of 44–74μm, Na2CO3-to-ore mass ratio of 0.6：1, and temperature of 1000 ℃. Dechromization within the range of 600–800 oC is controlled by the diffusion through the product layer with an apparent activation energy of 3.9 kJ/mol, and that it is controlled by the chemical reaction at the surface within the range of 900–1100 ℃ with an apparent activation energy of 54.3 kJ/mol. Besides, the Avrami diffusion controlled model with on apparent activation energy of 16.4 kJ/mol is most applicable for dealumination. Furthermore, 96.8%Ni and 95.6%Co could be extracted from the alkali-roasting residues in the subsequent pressure acid leaching process.

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