中文摘要：

解决中国城市交通冲突、交通拥堵等问题的基本思路是发展多元交通模式,避免对小汽车的一元依赖。通过对欧美城市发展多元交通的历史比较,发现它们在汽车社会初期＂以汽车为中心＂的交通规划不仅没有化解交通冲突,反而使交通拥堵等问题愈演愈烈。20世纪60年代后欧洲城市致力于推进多元交通发展,效果显著。主要措施包括进行交通静化实践,以政策鼓励交通方式多元选择,以及建构公交、自行车、步行一体化的交通模式。而美国城市的认识和实践相对滞后,当前城市对小汽车依赖仍然严重。中国城市必须防止重蹈欧美国家当初的覆辙而走进＂车本位＂误区。为此,需要保障非小汽车出行人路权,完善慢行交通系统,提高城市公交的分担率和吸引力,保障行人和非机动车的安全。

英文摘要：

Traffic conflicts,congestion and other issues highlighted in Chinese city now,so it must develop multiple traffic to avoid depending on cars excessively.Based on the comparison of multiple traffic of European and American cities historically,we can find that the idea of center with the car not only failed to resolve traffic conflicts,but made the traffic congestion and other problems intensify in European and American cities in the early days of the automobile society.European cities committed to promoting the multiple transport and made great progress after 1960s.The main measures include practicing traffic calming,enacting policies to encourage multiple traffic and constructing integrative system of public transport,bike and walking.On the other hand,American cities lagged behind European in multiple traffic,and depended on cars seriously.Chinese city must prevent a repetition of the Europe and the United States had in the past and made into vehicle-oriented.To do this,we need to protect the right of way of non-car travel,improve non-motorized traffic system,increase the contribution rate and attraction of public transportation,and protect the safety of pedestrians and non-motorized vehicles.