中文摘要：

小麦秆锈病是一种专化性很强的大区远距气传病害,曾造成多个小麦种植国家和地区的毁灭性损失,新的强毒力小种Ug99含有对Sr31等多个重要抗秆锈基因的联合毒性,对我国的小麦生产有巨大潜在威胁,因此,加强小麦秆锈菌生理小种的监测和鉴定是有效防治该病害的基础性研究工作和关键环节。现代分子生物学的迅猛发展,为许多研究提供了新的方法和手段,分子标记技术在区分小麦秆锈菌生理小种方面显示了充分的可行性。本研究利用25对SSR引物对7个小麦秆锈菌主要生理小种进行DNA多态性分析,结果显示,所有特异引物对秆锈菌的扩增结果均呈现出丰富的多态性,秆锈菌的不同生理小种之间存在遗传差异。其中引物SSR180在21C3CPH中扩增出205bp的特异性条带;引物SSR6在Ug99中扩增出170bp的特异性条带,经过多次的重复试验,这些特异性条带均能够比较稳定地重复出现,说明引物SSR180和SSR6可用于小种21C3CPH和Ug99的特异性检测。

英文摘要：

Wheat stem rust is a long distance air‐borne disease with high specialization occurring in most wheat growing countries including China, and might cause severe losses in wheat（Triticum aestivum） production in history. The new strong virulent race Ug99 contains association virulence targeting many most useful wheat stem rust resistant genes, esp. Sr31, and imposes a heavy potential threat to wheat production in China. It is necessary to strengthen monitoring and identifying physiological races of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici to promote the basic research work, which is beneficial to the disease control. More new approaches are rapidly supplied in studies with modern molecular methods. Molecular marker shows great advantages in detecting the population and the variation of pathogen races. In this paper, the DNA polymorphism of seven prevalent P. graminis f. sp. tritici races is analyzed by using 25 pairs of SSR primers. The results showed that all tested primers were available for amplifying DNA fragments with polymorphism. Additionally, evident differences were found among the tested races. The DNA fragments of a 205 bp specific to 21C3 CPH with the primer set SSR180 and a 170 bp specific to Ug99 with the primer set SSR6 were amplified and isolated, respectively. All those fragments were reproduced. The results indicate that the primers SSR180 and SSR6 could be used for monitoring the physiological races 21C3 CPH and Ug99 respectively.