中文摘要：

目的 检测结直肠癌患者门静脉血液、原发癌组织及肝转移灶中K-ras基因突变,探讨K-ras突变与结直肠癌肝转移的关系.方法 采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应（PCR）技术和基因测序技术检测48例结直肠癌患者门静脉血液、原发肿瘤组织、相应的癌旁肠黏膜以及8例肝转移灶组织中K-ras基因突变.结果 48例结直肠癌组织中17例（35.4%）发现K-ras基因突变,48例癌旁黏膜中4例（8.3%）发现K-ras基因突变,明显低于癌组织的基因突变率（P＜0.05）.48例结直肠癌患者中16例（33.3%）门静脉血中发现K-ras基因突变,与癌组织的基因突变率差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.有肝转移患者门静脉血中K-ras基因突变率（7/10,70.0%）明显高于无肝转移者（9/38,23.7%,P＜0.05）.16例门静脉血存在K-ras基因突变者,其相应的肿瘤组织中均发现K-ras突变.而结直肠癌组织中无K-ras基因突变者,患者门静脉血及癌旁黏膜无基因突变.8例同时性肝转移患者中5例门静脉血发现K-ras基因突变,且其相应的肝转移灶组织也发现相同的K-ras突变.2例异时性肝转移患者门静脉血检测到K-ras基因突变,手术时无肝转移,但分别于术后第6个月和第9个月经CT检查证实有肝转移.原发肿瘤组织K-ras基因突变类型与门静脉血、肝脏转移灶的K-ras基因突变一致,即K-ras基因12密码子GGT突变为GAT或GTT.结论 结直肠原发癌组织和患者门静脉血有K-ras基因的突变,预示着肿瘤可能有肝脏转移.

英文摘要：

Objective To detect mutations of K-ras oncogene in portal vein blood of patients with colorectal cancer, and to find out the relationship between mutated K-ras oncogene and liver metastases in colorectal cancer. Methods Forty-eight patients with colorectal cancer were screened for the mutations of K-ras oncogene in tissue samples from their tumors, portal vein blood, proximally adjacent mucosa and 8metastatic liver biopsies by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （PCR） and DNA sequencing. The results were analyzed with their clinical data. Results Sixteen of the 48 patients with colorectal cancer had K-ras point mutations at codon 12 in their portal vein blood, and 17 of 48 patients had K-ras mutations in their primary tumors, but only 4 of 48 patients had K-ras mutations in proximally adjacent mucosa. There was no significant difference in rate of K-ras mutation between tumor tissues and portal vein blood （P 〉 0. 05 ）, but significant difference was found between the tumor tissue and the proximally adjacent mucosa （ P 〈0. 05 ）. The rate of K-ras mutations in portal vein blood of colorectal cancer with liver metastases （70. 0% ） was higher than that of without liver metastases （23.7%）. Sixteen cases of mutated K-ras in portal vein blood showed mutations in tumor tissues. Patients without mutated K-ras in tumor tissue had no mutations in their portal vein blood and proximally adjacent mucosa. In 5 of 8 patients with simultaneous liver metastasis, mutated K-ras oncogenes were detected in portal vein blood, and the type of K-ras mutation detected in the tumor tissue was accord with that in metastatic liver biopsies. Two patients with mutated K-ras detected in their portal vein blood had no liver metastases during perioperation, but liver metastases were diagnosed by CT at the postoperative month 6 and 9 respectively. The main types of K-ras mutations at codon 12 included GGT to GAT and GGT to GTT. No one had point mutation at codon 13. Conclusion Mutated K-ras detecte