中文摘要：

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail： jifuzh@sina.com.cn Zhang Jifu, born in 1963. He received his Ph. D degree in Recognition and Intelligence Information System of Beijing Institute of Technology in 2005. He also received his B.S. and M.S. degrees from Hefei University of Technology in 1983 and 1989, respectively. His research interests include data mining, pattern recognition and intelligence information systems.