中文摘要：

自我参照效应指与自我相联系的记忆材料的记忆效果显著优于其他条件的编码，甚至优于语义编码。近年来，研究者们在自我参照效应的经典研究范式的基础上发展出了新的研究范式，编制了适合儿童心理加工的实验材料，考察了儿童早期的自我参照加工过程，进一步拓展了有关记忆的自我参照效应的研究。通过梳理和分析儿童早期自我参照效应的已有研究可以发现，儿童早期自身心理发展的特点决定了他们自我参照加工的特殊性；儿童早期记忆的自我参照加工表现出连续而又稳定的发展过程；儿童早期自我参照加工背景下出现了自我积极偏向。这对儿童早期教育有着重要启示。幼儿园教师和家长应重视儿童早期自我参照效应对其自我意识发生发展的促进作用；重视自我参照编码对儿童早期记忆和学习的积极影响；关注自我参照加工背景下的自我积极偏向对儿童心理健康教育的重要意义。

英文摘要：

Related information to the self has been shown to produce better recall than purely semantic and other encoding strategies. In recent years, researchers developed a new paradigm and prepared the suitable psychological processing of experiment materials to examine the age at which children begin to show self-reference effect. These studies further developed researches on self-reference effect in memory. By combing and analyzing through the standpoints of predecessors, this article revealed the characteristics of preschool children＇ s self-reference effect from three aspects ： the characteristics of preschool children＇ s psychological development determine their self-reference self-reference processing shows the continuous and stable processing of particularity ; preschool children＇ s development; under the background of self-ref- erence processing, preschool children show the self-positivity bias. It was suggested that parents and teachers should pay more attention to preschool children＇s self-reference effect, which plays an important role in the development of self-awareness, attach great importance to self-reference encoding influence on preschool children＇s memory and learning and concern about the impact of self-positivity bias on preschool children＇s mental health education.