中文摘要：

信号变换系数的稀疏分布特性已广泛应用于信号压缩、编码和数据处理,作为一种先验知识也为信号的采样方法研究奠定了基础。地球物理数据是一种空间/空间-时间变化的信号,因此将地球物理数据的稀疏性应用于地球物理数据的高效采集方法研究。在地球物理数据稀疏性的数学物理基础研究、针对不同数据变化特征的稀疏变换方法研究、随机均匀分布的随机采样方法研究和数据重构方法研究的基础上,结合当前数据采集中的Nyquist采样理论、地球物理数据的稀疏性特征和当前地球物理数据采集中常见的密集规则测网,提出了针对被动源地球物理数据和主动源地球物理数据的高效采集方法,通过数值试验验证了方法的正确性和有效性。

英文摘要：

The sparsity in the transform domain of geophysical data（also known as the sparsity of geophysical data）has been widely used in data compression coding and data processing.In the paper,we apply the sparsity of geophysical data for the study on high efficient acquisition method of geophysical data.Based on the study of the mathematical physics foundation of the sparsity of geophysical data,the sparse transform methods aiming at variation characteristics in different geophysical data,the random sampling methods with random and even distribution,and the data recovery methods,we proposed high efficient acquisition methods for passive source geophysical data and active source geophysical data by combining the Nyquist sampling principle used in current data acquisition,the sparsity of the geophysical data and the conventional dense and regular measurement network used in the current geophysical data acquisition.The numerical tests on theoretical geophysical data and field geophysical data obtained ideal results.