中文摘要：

正视社会矛盾和冲突，寻求解决方法，提高社会管理水平，以求社会稳定、和谐发展，已成为当前理论研究和实践的热点问题．对立问题是矛盾问题的一种类型，基于可拓学的转换桥思想与方法是研究对立问题的一种理论和方法．本文对转换桥方法与应用研究进行了综述．转换桥理论与方法研究工作主要在“传导矛盾问题链、矛盾问题系统”的刻画和“转换桥分类”、“转换桥设计”、“转换桥系”、“转换桥设置”等问题，应用研究主要涉及“产品设计”、“规划设计”和“社会管理”等领域．将转换桥理论与方法和系统动力学、冲突理论、社会运动理论、和谐理论等有机结合，进行转换桥的设计可能是未来研究方向．

英文摘要：

It has been the hot issues of current theoretical research and practice to seek solutions to social contradictions and conflicts and to improve the management level to maintain social stability and harmoni- ous development. The opposite problem is one type of contradictory propositions whose principles and methods are based on the transforming bridge of extenics. It reviews the transforming bridge method and its application. The transforming bridge method and its principles focus mainly on describing the problem- chain of conductive contradiction, the system of contradictory propositions and other problems such as the classification of the transforming bridge, its design, its system and its setting. The transforming bridge method has been applied mainly in product design, planning and social management. Future research may be done into the design of a transforming bridge by combining the transforming bridge method and theories with system dynamics, the conflict theory, the social movement theory and the theory of harmony.