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中文摘要：
本文以国家创新系统为背景，研究了企业成为创新主体与政府R＆D补贴的角色定位。结论是：为引导企业成为自主创新主体，间接补贴是更有效的方法；对竞争性行业，应采用间接补贴，对公共品性质的行业，应采用直接补贴；在引导企业成为自主创新主体的过程中，不能因为政府对企业有创新补贴，就对企业创新活动和创新项目的规模、市场定位和实施方式等进行直接的干预，而应通过企业按照市场机制去选择符合企业经营模式和经营战略的创新项目，这是政府支持企业创新中应保持的角色定位。
英文摘要：
Based on national backgrounds of innovative systems, the pape studies how enterprises become independent innovative entities and what roles governments play in R＆D subsidies. The results demonstrate that indirect subsidy is a much better effective way to induce an enterprise be such an innovative entity ; indirect subsidy should respond to competitive industries while direct subsidy to public - utility industries ; in the process of becoming innovative entity under R＆D subsidies, direct intervention by government, such as dictations or restrictions of size, market and activities of innovative projects, should be avoid, which is determined by enterprises based on their operations and strategies. It is the government＇s roles located in R＆D subsidies.
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