中文摘要：

目的分析中国乡村7-18岁学生1985-2005年体格发育变化,并提出针对性改善策略和建议。方法根据地区社会经济状况结合群体发育现状,调整全国学生体质调研原抽样框架,组建富裕乡村、一般乡村、欠发达乡村3个新群体,比较各性别-年龄组身高和BM I均值变化。结果三群体平均身高都正向增长,提示我国所有乡村群体都步入生长长期变化轨道。全年龄段男女身高平均值,富裕乡村分别为7.2和5.6 cm,高于一般乡村的5.7和4.4 cm,更高于欠发达乡村的4.6和3.6 cm,呈梯次上升趋势。7岁身高和成年身高表现同。三群体BM I均值出现两极分化,为富裕乡村群体超重/肥胖流行、欠发达乡村依然面临营养不良现象等,奠定基础。结论应根据不同群体在长期变化上的发展潜力和存在问题,采取相应干预措施。

英文摘要：

Objective To analyze the physical growth changes of the Chinese rural students aged 7-to 18-year-old during 1985-2005,and to provide evidence for the intervention measurements.Methods Based on the combination of physical growth levels and the socioeconomic background,the original sampling structure of the Chinese National Survey on Students＇ Constitution and Physical Fitness were reorganized and three new groups named the ＂prosperous rural＂,the ＂ordinary rural＂ and the ＂underdeveloped rural＂ were set up.Means of height and BMI in each of the sex-age groups between 1985 and 2005 were compared,in order to show the growth changes in this period.Results An overall positive trend of mean height was found,which suggesting that all the three populations had entered the trace of secular growth trend.The increments of average attained height were 7.2 and 5.6 cm for the ＂prosperous rural＂ group,5.7 and 4.4 cm for the ＂ordinary rural＂,and 4.6 and 3.6 cm for the ＂underdeveloped ＂ group,respectively.A significant successive tendency existed among these groups.Similar disparities were found both on the 7-year-old＇s height and adult height.The growth of BMI,however,showed a polarization picture,in which the ＂prosperous rural＂ group became one of the resource of overweight/obesity,whereas the ＂underdeveloped＂ group were still popular with malnutrition.Conclusion Some integrative measurements should be adopted according to the potential in secular changes of physical growth and problems among different groups.