中文摘要：

目的探讨遗传和环境因素对儿童青少年注意问题和焦虑／抑郁关联的影响。方法对1062名同性别6～18岁双生子，采用Achenbach儿童行为量表家长用问卷进行调查。使用Mx软件拟合结构方程的单变量模型。构建Cholesky分解模型分析注意问题和焦虑／抑郁中的遗传和环境影响相关。结果注意问题与焦虑／抑郁有遗传相关（r=0．48），共享环境因素相关作用为0．86，非共享环境因素相关作用为0．14。结论遗传因素和共享环境因素对注意问题和焦虑／抑郁的相关起重要作用，非共享环境因素对相关所起作用较小。

英文摘要：

Objective To understand the genetic and environmental influences on the relationship between attention deficit and anxiety/depression in children and adolescents. Methods A total of 1 062 same-sex twins aged 6-18 years were included in this study. A parent-rated child behavior checklist （CBCL） was used in the assessment. Software Mx was used to fit the univariate model of structural equation. The relationship between attention deficit and anxiety/depression was analyzed through bivariate genetic modeling. Results The genetic factor had influence on the relationship between attention deficit and anxiety/depression （r=0.48）. Shared and non-shared environmental correlation scores of attention deficit and anxiety/depression were 0.86 and 0.14 respectively. Conclusion Common genetic and shared environmental influences can explain the relationship between attention deficit and anxiety/depression in children and adolescents.