中文摘要：

推动地区间建立横向生态补偿制度是十八届三中全会做出的政策部署。流域生态补偿也应按照这个改革思路逐步推进，但在省际流域生态补偿实践中对此存在一些认识偏颇。立足于国家治理的理论视角，从新安江流域生态补偿试点看，省际流域生态补偿要强化中央政府在省际流域生态补偿中的制度供给与责任分担，构建政府、市场、社会多元主体协同参与的流域生态补偿机制，建立健全多元组合的流域生态补偿体系，探索流域生态补偿的民主协商机制。

英文摘要：

Establishing the inter-provincially horizontal eco-compensation system is the strategic plan made at the third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. Watershed eco-compensation should be push forward progressively within this reform framework although there are some misunderstandings of inter-provincially watershed eco-compensation in practice. Taking eco-compensation of Xinanjiang watershed as an example and based on the theoretical perspective of national governance, this paper analyzes the existing problems in inter-provincially watershed eco-compensation from the four aspects of value, subject, function and structure. At the same time, it also puts forward the new approaches of inter-provincially watershed eco-compensation as follows： to strengthen the institutional supply and responsibility of the Central Government for inter-provincially watershed eco-compensation; to establish the multi-participating watershed eco-compensation mechanism consisted of government, market and society; to set up the multiple methods of watershed eco-compensation; to construct the democratic consultation mechanism of watershed eco-compensation.