中文摘要：

经济多样性的减贫效应受多样性类型、空间尺度以及特定“区情”的影响。美国阿巴拉契亚地区的经验表明．在连片特困地区县域层面．产业多样性、知识多样性总体上通过促进经济增长实现减贫，功能多样性、职业多样性则可能由于牺牲效率、不利于经济增长而加剧贫困。同时，4种多样性的减贫效应还受市场经济发展水平、贫困程度、失业率、人口密度、政府转移支付力度和教育水平等客观“区情”的影响；在不同的“区情”下，4类经济多样性的减贫效应差异显著。此外．空间依赖性不容忽视．邻近县域经济多样性特点、基本“区情”对各自减贫效应产生交叉影响。在其他因素中，高中及同等水平的教育、就业有显著的减贫效应．但政府转移支付直接增加穷人收入的帮扶方式加剧了贫困。最后，本文总结了阿巴拉契亚地区经验对中国连片特困地区的启示和政策含义．即在适宜的空间尺度上实现不同形式经济多样性发展的优化组合．充分发挥经济多样性的生计方式、就业岗位创造和经济稳定功能。创新教育扶贫、政府转移支付方式，为经济多样性发展提供人才和资金支持。

英文摘要：

The poverty alleviation effects of economic diversity were considered to be influenced by classification of diversity, spatial scale and specific regional situation. The experience from Appalachian region showed that, on the county scale of the contiguous destitute area, the industrial diversity and knowledge diversity made the poverty ratio drop significantly through promoting economy growth, however the functional diversity and occupational diversity had raised the poverty ratio at the cost of economy growth efficiency probably. Besides, the relationships between the four types of diversity and poverty were influenced by the factors such as the development level of market economy, poor degree, unemployment rate, population density, transfer payment of government, educational level, etc, Under the different region backgrounds, the relationships might be changed hugely. The spatial dependence should not be ignored else, because characteristics of economy diversity and general conditions of the neighbor counties generated interactive effects on their poverty reduction performance. The other discovery was that the high school level education and employment were key roles for poverty reduction while the way of increasing the poor＇s income directly by government and other organization＇s transfer payments was harmful for poverty alleviation. So, lastly, this paper summarized the enlightenment from the experience of Appalachian region and proposed three suggestions of poverty reduction to the contiguous destitute areas, which were optimizing the combination of different types of economic diversity in a proper spatial scale, making best of advantage of job opportunities and means of livelihood creation, economy stability of economic diversity, and innovating the support forms of education and government transfer to supply talent and capital support for economic diversity.