中文摘要：

目的：分析老年男性体检人群疾病谱及主要慢性病的检出率提高情况。方法研究对象为2015年3月至2015年7月期间在北京某部队三甲医院进行常规健康体检的老年男性共658名。依据年龄分为3组：60～69岁组（ n＝313）、70～79岁组（n＝182）和≥80岁组（n＝163）。提取人口社会学基本特征、既往慢性病患病史、生活方式等信息进行分析。结果体检人群慢性病的患病率高达86.2％，人均患慢性病（2.4±1.7）种，患有≥2种慢性病者占67.0％，患有≥3种慢性病者占41．9％。其中≥80岁人群慢性病的患病率高达92．0％。患病率较高的前5位慢性病分别为血脂紊乱（37.1％）、前列腺增生（32．9％）、高血压（32．5％）、脂肪肝（28．5％）和白内障（17．5％）。不同年龄组比较可以发现，随着年龄段的增加，研究对象患有慢性病种类的数量呈增加趋势（P＜0．001）。通过本次体检，高血压、糖尿病和血脂紊乱的检出率分别提高了7．6％、0．1％和10．0％。结论体检人群主要慢性病患病率高，多种慢病共存严重，且多种健康危险因素并存。每年常规体检和综合评估能提高主要慢性病的检出率，为早期诊治提供科学数据。

英文摘要：

Objective To investigate the spectrum of disease in the elderly males by physical examination and analyze the increase of detection rate of major chronic diseases among them .Methods A total of 658 elderly males who took regular physical examination in a military upper first-class hospital during March to July 2015 were enrolled in this study .They were divided into 3 groups according to their age, that is 60 -69 years group （n =313）, 70 -79 years group （n =182） and ≥80 years group （n=163）.Their demographic characteristics , history of chronic diseases , lifestyle and other information were collected and analyzed .Results In the subjects, the prevalence of chronic diseases was up to 86.2%, and the average types of chronic diseases were 2.4 ±1.7.There were 67.0%of the participants having 2 or more chronic diseases , and 41.9%having 3 or more.The prevalence went up to 92.0%among those participants aged ≥80 years.The top 5 chronic diseases were dyslipidemia （37.1%）, prostatic hyperplasia （32.9%）, hypertension （32.5%）, fatty liver （28.5%） and cataract （17.5%）.With the increase of age, the subjects had more chronic diseases （P〈0.001）.Through this physical examination , the detection rate of hypertension , diabetes and dyslipidemia were increased by 7.6%, 0.1%and 10.0%respectively.Conclusion The prevalence of major chronic diseases is high in the subjects by physical examination .The comorbidity of many chronic diseases is common , and a variety of health risk factors coexist .Annual routine physical examination and comprehensive assessment can improve the detection rate of major chronic diseases , and provide scientific data for early diagnosis and treatment .